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sigma nought/gamma nought backscatter
Added by Sofia Antonova over 9 years ago
I was trying to find out how to get sigma nought backscatter from TSX intensity image. It implies radiometric calibration and local incidence angle accounting. I found a document Radiometric Calibration of TerraSAR-X Data (attached), there we find the formula for sigma nought calculation on the page 4. In GAMMA manual it states that TSX data are already relatively calibrated , and the absolute calibration is done while producing .slc.par file. However, I'm not sure if it takes the varying incidence angle (from near to far range) into account. Assuming that my intensity values are already sigma nought , I apply 10*log10 and get values in range from 15.8 to 78.5 dB what does not look like true.
There is a GAMMA command radcal_MLI for manual calibration of intensity image.
radcal_MLI <MLI> <MLI_PAR> <OFF_PAR> <CMLI> [antenna] [rloss_flag] [ant_flag] [refarea_flag] [sc_dB] [K_dB] [pix_area]
<MLI> (input) MLI (float)
<MLI_PAR> (input) SLC parameter file of input MLI image
<OFF_PAR> (input) ISP offset/interferogram processing parameter file (or - for image in SLC/MLI geometry)
<CMLI> (output) radiometrically calibrated output MLI (float format)
[antenna] 1-way antenna gain pattern file or - (if not provided)
[rloss_flag] range spreading loss correction (default=0: no correction, 1: r^3 correction, -1: undo r^3 correction, 2: r^4 correction, -2: undo r^4 correction)
(r^3 correction is used except for ASAR APS mode data where r^4 correction is used)
[ant_flag] antenna pattern flag correction (default=0: no correction, 1: correction, -1: undo correction)
[refarea_flag] normalization reference area correction (default=0: no correction, 1: correction to sigma0, 2: correction to gamma0, -1: undo 1, -2: undo 2)
[sc_dB] scale factor in dB (default=0.0, ESA published ERS1 K_dB update=-0.39, recommended for the upscaling scomplex output format: 60.0 dB)
[K_dB] Calibration factor in dB (default: -(value from SLC_PAR) )
[pix_area] ellipsoid-based ground range sigma/gamma nought pixel reference area depending on refarea_flag. (1 or -1: sigma nought ref. area, 2 or -2: gamma nought ref. area; float format)
I use the following parameters:
radcal_MLI $1.mli $1.mli.par - $1.cmli_sigma - - - 1 - - $1.pix_area_sigma
this is my output:
- Radiometric calibration for multi-look intensity (MLI) data ***
- Copyright 2013, Gamma Remote Sensing, v1.9 2-May-2013 uw/clw/of ***
WARNING: Sensor is not ERS1, ERS2, JERS, ASAR: TSX-1
SAR sensor (from ISP SLC parameter file): TSX-1
Sine of reference incidence angle: 1.0000
reference boresight look angle (deg): 0.0000
reference slant range (m): 519608.9373
Antenna diagram correction not applied
Range spreading loss correction not applied
Normalization reference area correction applied
Normalization type: sigma0
samples per input image line: 2580
number of input image lines: 7839
azimuth angle: 90.0000 (right looking)
deskewed (zero-Doppler) geometry
reference look_angle : 0.0000 degrees
reference slant range: 519608.9373 m
reference range pixel number: -21331
calibration constant [dB]: -49.1879
indicated scale factor [dB]: 0.0000
pixel range look_ang inc_ang rloss antgain refarea pow_fact
number [m] [deg] [deg] [dB] [dB] [dB] [dB]
0 597203.1 28.283 30.833 0.000 0.000 -2.903 -52.091
100 597566.9 28.341 30.898 0.000 0.000 -2.894 -52.082
200 597930.6 28.400 30.963 0.000 0.000 -2.886 -52.074
300 598294.4 28.458 31.027 0.000 0.000 -2.878 -52.066
400 598658.2 28.515 31.091 0.000 0.000 -2.870 -52.058
500 599021.9 28.573 31.155 0.000 0.000 -2.862 -52.050
600 599385.7 28.630 31.219 0.000 0.000 -2.854 -52.042
700 599749.5 28.688 31.283 0.000 0.000 -2.846 -52.034
800 600113.2 28.745 31.346 0.000 0.000 -2.838 -52.026
900 600477.0 28.802 31.409 0.000 0.000 -2.830 -52.018
1000 600840.7 28.859 31.472 0.000 0.000 -2.823 -52.010
1100 601204.5 28.915 31.535 0.000 0.000 -2.815 -52.003
1200 601568.3 28.971 31.598 0.000 0.000 -2.807 -51.995
1300 601932.0 29.028 31.660 0.000 0.000 -2.799 -51.987
1400 602295.8 29.084 31.723 0.000 0.000 -2.792 -51.980
1500 602659.5 29.140 31.785 0.000 0.000 -2.784 -51.972
1600 603023.3 29.195 31.847 0.000 0.000 -2.777 -51.964
1700 603387.1 29.251 31.908 0.000 0.000 -2.769 -51.957
1800 603750.8 29.306 31.970 0.000 0.000 -2.762 -51.949
1900 604114.6 29.362 32.031 0.000 0.000 -2.754 -51.942
2000 604478.3 29.417 32.093 0.000 0.000 -2.747 -51.935
2100 604842.1 29.472 32.154 0.000 0.000 -2.739 -51.927
2200 605205.9 29.526 32.215 0.000 0.000 -2.732 -51.920
2300 605569.6 29.581 32.275 0.000 0.000 -2.725 -51.913
2400 605933.4 29.635 32.336 0.000 0.000 -2.717 -51.905
2500 606297.2 29.690 32.396 0.000 0.000 -2.710 -51.898
line 0
line 1000
line 2000
line 3000
line 4000
line 5000
line 6000
line 7000
lines processed: 7839
output file: 20120803.cmli_sigma
user time (s): 0.240
system time (s): 0.370
elapsed time (s): 3.780
We see that incidence angle values are changing from column to column.
Now if I apply 10*log10, I get the values in range from -36.1 dB to 26.5 dB with median -13.9 dB. Look more reasonable.
I wonder how right are my speculations.
Thanks a lot for any input!
Replies (1)
RE: sigma nought/gamma nought backscatter - Added by Sofia Antonova over 9 years ago
Response from Tazio Strozzi:
The difference between your $1.mli and $1.cmli_sigma images is the
calibration factor in dB, in one of the examples I have on my computer
this is 49.8207 dB.
The output of par_TX_SLC is a slc image in SCOMPLEX format, so it cannot
include negative values. With radcal_MLI you are computing the correct
sigma 0 values by adding the calibration factor.
The physical (i.e. terrain) dependence of sigma 0 on the incidence angle
is not included in the calibration, only system related issues as
antenna gain.